A Broadband Calibration Technology based on the Difference of Dielectric Properties of Materials

Based on the differences in the complex permittivity of reference liquids, a novel one-port calibration technique for vector network analyzers (VNAs) is proposed. A theoretical model for the dielectric parameters of liquids is developed, utilizing the Havriliak-Negami relaxation model to describe the complex permittivity of the liquids. Experimental validation, carried out through simulations using the High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), demonstrates the method’s effectiveness in accurately extracting the dielectric properties of various liquids in the frequency range of 110 GHz to 220 GHz.