THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO VYANGA THROUGH EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS: A CLASSICAL AYURVEDA REVIEW

Introduction: Vyanga (Melasma) is described under Kshudraroga, has clinical feature of hyperpigmented patches over face and neck regions due to various causative factors. In the treatment of vyanga, Acharya particularly emphasized external applications along with internal medications. There is a need of hour to explore and analyze the treatment strategies for Vyanga as mentioned in the various Ayurveda texts—examining their components, logical reasoning, underlying principles, mode of action, and factual basis for the treatment protocols.Methods: The references from classical Ayurvedic texts—including Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Chakradutta, Vangasena, Gadanigraha, Yogaratnakara, Sharngadhara Samhita, and Bhavaprakasha Nighantu to enlist and analyze external formulations recommended for Vyanga management.Result: The formulations mentioned in form of Lepa, Taila, and Ghrita from texts are identified and highlighted the drugs that appeared repeatedly across these categories.Discussion: Manjishtha, Kushtha, Lodhra, etc drugs are repeatedly used in the formulations which are characterized by predominant Madhura, Tikta, and Kashaya Rasa, along with Guru, Ruksha, Snigdha, or Laghu guna. Most feature Sheeta or Ushna Veerya and possess therapeutic actions like Varnya, Kushtaghna, Rakta Shodhak and Twak Prasadana. When applied externally, these drugs were active principles penetrate the skin via the Tiryak gata Dhamani after contacting the Romakupa undergo metabolic transformation by Bhrajaka Pitta in the skin, and assimilate more effectively to promote complexion. External therapies are generally perceived as safer, with minimal systemic side effects compared to internal medications. This is especially important when treating facial skin.Conclusion: Vyanga treatment mainly focused on external applications in Vyanga due to the localized nature of the disorder, the targeted and safe action of applications like Lepa, Taila, Ghrita and the historical precedence set by classical texts. This approach aligns with both the pathophysiology of Vyanga and patient-centric considerations, making external therapies the preferred initial line of management.