The polarization of Islamic identity, politics: The role of <em>Habaib</em> authority in electoral dynamics

The polarization of Islamic identity politics has evolved over the years following the reform era. Scholarly studies suggest that political alignment in Indonesia is characterized by weak partisan identity, collusive party behavior, and the dominance of religious figures as authorities that mitigate political polarization within religion. However, the political and governmental representation of Arab Syarif descendants has recently sparked a compelling debate: has Islamic identity politics polarization emerged in West Kalimantan? While previous research has primarily focused on elite-based and mass-based polarization, this study examines whether authority-based polarization—specifically the role of habaib—influences the mobilization of the Muslim majority. Employing a case study approach, data collection methods include interviews, observations, and guided discussions. This research assesses whether political preferences in West Kalimantan reflect a form of Islamic identity politics polarization as a vehicle for mobilizing religious, political, and authoritative power. Additionally, this study explores public understanding and awareness of hoaxes and hate speech related to ethnicity and religion in the lead-up to the 2024 elections. By analyzing kinship systems as a catalyst for the Syarif community’s role in politics and social life, we find evidence that religious adherence can be leveraged to propagate hostility, shaping public participation in the democratic process. This identity-based political strategy is not only facilitated through education but also actively reinforced via social media networks within kinship structures. The interconnectedness of Arab and Malay descendants in West Kalimantan highlights how kinship plays a strategic role in utilizing communal loyalty to local leadership.