ANALYSIS OF THE RADIOACTIVE AND ELECTROMAGNETIC STATE OF THE POLISH ENVIRONMENT

The article analyses the state of the environment in Poland on the example of some voivodeships related to radioactive and electromagnetic pollution. Selected voivodeships are Lower Silesia, Subcarpathia and Pomerania. Monitoring of radioactive and electromagnetic pollution was carried out for large and small towns and rural areas. A similar analysis was carried out over a period of several years, which made it possible to analyze the most polluted environment and draw conclusions explaining the cause of this pollution. Recent studies have shown that radiation exposure is on the rise and poses a serious threat to public health. The aim of the research is to determine where the height of radioactive and electromagnetic radiation is the highest, as well as to analyze the impact of radiation on the natural environment. As the results of the research show, the reason for the highest radioactive radiation in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship may be the location of the former Uranium Ore Mining and Processing Plants there, radon and radioactive alpha and beta isotopes may be present in surface and underground waters. There is also a high risk of natural exposure to sources of ionizing radiation in mining, and the Lower Silesian Voivodeship has a large number of mines. Therefore, in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in the case of exceeding the permissible radiation doses in water and soil, a system should be developed to notify residents about the threat and about the actions taken. The purpose of electromagnetic radiation observation is to monitor artificially generated electromagnetic fields in the environment in relation to the limit values set for areas accessible to the public. The conducted research shows that the highest arithmetic average of electromagnetic field intensities in each year of the measurement cycle of interest was obtained in central districts or housing estates of large cities. The reason for the highest EMF intensity in the Pomeranian Voivodeship may be two commercial heat and power plants located here: Gdańsk CHP Plant and Gdynia CHP Plant.