Les marchés de quotas d'émissions dans les mixes politiques

Climate change mitigation requires not only technological innovation but also transformative shifts in policy design and governance. Among the most prominent tools for decarbonization, Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) have emerged as flexible and cost-effective instruments for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, as climate policy frameworks become increasingly complex, ETSs rarely operate in isolation. Instead, they interact—sometimes synergistically, sometimes redundantly—with a variety of other policies, such as carbon taxes, subsidies, and regulatory standards. This dissertation investigates the integration of ETSs within broader climate policy mixes, examining both their regulatory interactions and potential for expansion.Through a combination of theoretical modeling and empirical analysis, the dissertation addresses three overarching research questions: (1) How do ETSs interact with complementary or overlapping policies within and beyond their regulatory scope? (2) How do these interactions influence policy effectiveness and sectoral decarbonization outcomes across jurisdictions? (3) What design principles can guide the development of coherent and efficient climate policy mixes?Structured in four chapters, the dissertation first develops a novel methodology for measuring policy stringency at the sectoral level. The second chapter focuses on Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfDs), assessing their role in enhancing ETS effectiveness. The third chapter analyzes the short-term impacts of the new EU ETS2, highlighting equity and effectiveness concerns. The final chapter explores the applicability of cap-and-trade to municipal solid waste. Together, these contributions offer a framework for understanding how ETSs function within complex policy landscapes and how to design more coherent, equitable, and efficient climate strategies.