Operator algebras over the p-adic integers -- II

We continue the study of operator algebras over the $p$-adic integers, initiated in our previous work [1]. In this sequel, we develop further structural results and provide new families of examples. We introduce the notion of $p$-adic von Neumann algebras, and analyze those with trivial center, that we call ''factors''. In particular we show that ICC groups provide examples of factors. We then establish a characterization of $p$-simplicity for groupoid operator algebras, showing its relation to effectiveness and minimality. A central part of the paper is devoted to a $p$-adic analogue of the GNS construction, leading to a representation theorem for Banach $^*$-algebras over $\mathbb{Z}_p$. As applications, we exhibit large classes of $p$-adic operator algebras, including residually finite-rank algebras and affinoid algebras with the spectral norm. Finally, we investigate the $K$-theory of $p$-adic operator algebras, including the computation of homotopy analytic $K$-theory of continuous $\mathbb{Z}_p$-valued functions on a compact Hausdorff space and the analytic (non-homotopy invariant) $K$-theory of certain $p$-adically complete Banach algebras in terms of continuous $K$-theory. Together, these results extend the foundations of the emerging theory of $p$-adic operator algebras.