When Life Paths Cross: Extracting Human Interactions in Time and Space from Wikipedia

Interactions among notable individuals -- whether examined individually, in groups, or as networks -- often convey significant messages across cultural, economic, political, scientific, and historical perspectives. By analyzing the times and locations of these interactions, we can observe how dynamics unfold across regions over time. However, relevant studies are often constrained by data scarcity, particularly concerning the availability of specific location and time information. To address this issue, we mine millions of biography pages from Wikipedia, extracting 685,966 interaction records in the form of (Person1, Person2, Time, Location) interaction quadruplets. The key elements of these interactions are often scattered throughout the heterogeneous crowd-sourced text and may be loosely or indirectly associated. We overcome this challenge by designing a model that integrates attention mechanisms, multi-task learning, and feature transfer methods, achieving an F1 score of 86.51%, which outperforms baseline models. We further conduct an empirical analysis of intra- and inter-party interactions among political figures to examine political polarization in the US, showcasing the potential of the extracted data from a perspective that may not be possible without this data. We make our code, the extracted interaction data, and the WikiInteraction dataset of 4,507 labeled interaction quadruplets publicly available.