21st CENTURY LEARNING MODELS

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of various 21st-century learning models in supporting the development of students’ critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity skills in Indonesia. The research employed a literature review method by analyzing five national journal articles published between 2020 and 2025. The findings indicate that the experimental model is effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills and scientific attitudes. Cooperative learning models such as CIRC and STAD strengthen literacy, collaboration, and social interaction among students. Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) increases motivation and problem-solving skills through real-life simulations, while the SQ3R model effectively improves reading and communication skills. These results highlight that each learning model contributes differently yet remains relevant to 21st-century education demands, thus teachers should adapt model selection to the objectives and context of learning.