OVERVIEW OF THE MAIN PARASITIC AND VIRAL DISEASES IN AQUACULTURE

Aquaculture, being a critically important food source, faces significant development constraints due to diseases of various etiologies that cause significant economic damage. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the main groups of diseases that threaten modern aquaculture: viral and parasitic. Viral and parasitic diseases are one of the key threats to the development of modern aquaculture. Special attention is paid to viral infections such as carp pox, sturgeon herpesvirus infection, Atlantic salmon papillomatosis and viral hemorrhagic septicemia, these diseases cause mass deaths and lead to high economic losses. Parasitic diseases, including botryocephalosis, filometroidosis, ligulosis, caviosis, dactylogyrosis, and others, are also considered. These diseases are caused by high planting density, intensification of production processes and deterioration of environmental conditions, which contributes to the active spread of pathogens and complication of disease diagnosis processes. The methods of diagnosis, prevention and control of these diseases are described. The use of electron microscopy, histological studies and molecular biotechnological methods makes it possible to diagnose the disease at an early stage. Aquaculture is facing the spread of infections that require alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriocins are natural peptides that suppress pathogens, including resistant strains. Their use reduces the incidence of aquatic organisms and increases product safety.