Poverty and Insecurity in Nigeria: Implications for Sustainable Development

Background: Poverty and insecurity remain two of the most critical challenges confronting Nigeria, undermining governance, socio-economic progress, and sustainable development. These twin issues are interlinked, with poverty fueling insecurity and insecurity further deepening poverty. Objective: This study examines the relationship between poverty and insecurity in Nigeria and their combined implications for sustainable development, identifying underlying causes, manifestations, and policy gaps. Method: A descriptive research design was adopted, drawing on secondary data from government reports, academic literature, and international development agencies. Data were analyzed thematically, with key trends and statistical indicators presented in tabular form. Results: Findings reveal a cyclical interaction between poverty and insecurity, driven by unemployment, income inequality, corruption, ethno-religious conflicts, and weak institutions. The study shows that insecurity has disrupted economic activities, displaced communities, and discouraged foreign investment, thereby worsening poverty levels. Conclusion: Without integrated and inclusive socio-economic policies, Nigeria’s pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will remain elusive. Unique Contribution: This paper provides an evidence-based analysis linking poverty and insecurity as dual threats to sustainable development, emphasizing the need for multi-sectoral intervention. Recommendations: Strengthening governance institutions, enhancing social protection programmes, addressing youth unemployment, and promoting inclusive economic growth are critical steps forward.