INTERNATIONAL MODELS AND METHODS FOR DEVELOPING ESL SPEAKING SKILLS IN INTROVERTED LEARNERS

Speaking skill development in English as a Second Language (ESL) requires a deliberate combination of theoretical models and practical methods that account for learner diversity. This paper provides a theoretical-analytical overview of international approaches to developing oral communication skills, focusing on introverted students in secondary comprehensive schools. Drawing on the contributions of Nunan, Larsen-Freeman, Skehan, Littlewood, Dornyei, Bax, and Scrivener, the paper examines task-based learning, learner-centered curricula, motivational frameworks, and technology integration. The analysis proposes a flexible, multi-stage model that reduces anxiety, builds confidence, and supports gradual participation in spoken interaction.