Challenges and innovations in teaching English for specific purposes (ESP) to non-linguistic majors

This article explores the key challenges and innovative practices in teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) to students of non-linguistic majors in higher education institutions. The study highlights the issues educators face, including varying levels of language proficiency, limited classroom time, lack of motivation among students, and the scarcity of specialized teaching materials. It also examines modern methodological approaches that enhance ESP instruction, such as Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), project-based learning, digital platforms, and the use of authentic materials. Drawing from recent research and practical case studies, the article offers recommendations for improving ESP course design to better meet the professional and academic needs of learners. The findings are intended to support language teachers, curriculum developers, and education policymakers in developing more effective and relevant ESP programs.