Sumaq (Rhus Coriaria): A Comprehensive Review of the Culinary Delight and Medicinal Marvel in the Unani System of Medicine

Sumaq (Rhus coriaria) is a prominent spice with a rich history of use in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, renowned for its tangy flavour and vibrant red hue. Its name, derived from the Arabic term "summaq," reflects its striking appearance and culinary significance. Beyond its culinary applications, Sumaq has been utilized in traditional medicine, particularly within the Unani system, where it is recognized for its diverse therapeutic properties, including astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. This article highlights its potential in treating various ailments, including gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular issues, and metabolic diseases. This review explores the multifaceted nature of Sumāq and provides valuable insights into its pharmacological composition and potential clinical implications bridging traditional knowledge and modern scientific inquiry.