Green Synthesis and Anti-Bacteria Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle

This research explores the green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using onion peel extract as a sustainable reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles, with sizes ranging between 85–107 nm, were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM, and DLS, confirming their crystalline hexagonal structure and optical properties. Antimicrobial assays revealed selective inhibitory effects, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Trichophyton mentagrophyte, while showing limited impact on E. coli and other fungi. The study demonstrates onion peel waste as a low-cost, eco-friendly precursor for ZnO nanomaterials, with promising applications in pharmaceuticals, water treatment, and antimicrobial technologies.