Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and behaviors about malignant melanoma of the skin and its prevention: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Background: Malignant melanoma is the most fatal form of skin cancer, with its incidence rates increasing worldwide. Prevention strategies are crucial and have tremendous potential to reduce both the incidence and mortality associated with the disease. Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and perceptions of the population from different countries regarding malignant melanoma and prevention. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using the electronic database "PUBMED." The keywords used were "melanoma," "skin cancer," "prevention," "knowledge," "attitudes," and "behaviors." In this study were included articles in the English language published in the last five years (2018-2022). Out of the initially identified 186 articles, a total of 12 were ultimately used. Results: The results showed that the level of knowledge regarding melanoma and risk factors is limited. Additionally, the preventive measures and self-protection practices implemented internationally are insufficient, as the majority of the studied articles indicated improper and inadequate use and implementation of the recommended protective measures. A significant correlation was found between low educational level and low knowledge about the disease. Furthermore, a correlation was identified between younger individuals and inadequate preventive measures and self-protection practices. Conclusions: Based on the studied articles, direct and combined interventions with information and implementation of educational programs are crucial to bring about immediate changes in attitudes and behaviors. The ultimate goal of these interventions should be the reduction of malignant melanoma incidence rate, mortality from the disease, and healthcare.