Stakeholders' Perceptions on Oil and Gas Pipeline Security Challenges and the Feasibility of Remote Sensing Technologies in the Niger-Delta Region

The security of oil and gas pipelines in Nigeria’s Niger Delta continues to face serious threats, primarily due to third-party interference (TPI) such as vandalism, sabotage, and theft. This study explored stakeholder perspectives on the adverse effects of TPI and evaluated the potential of remote sensing technologies to strengthen pipeline monitoring and surveillance efforts. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining structured questionnaires with semi-structured interviews. Participants were strategically selected from key stakeholder groups, including oil companies, government bodies, security agencies, and local communities. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Chi-square test to identify significant patterns. Corruption emerged as the most critical factor exacerbating TPI, alongside challenging terrain and inadequate infrastructure. Manual patrols remain the dominant surveillance method, with only 18% of respondents reporting the use of drones. The findings revealed major obstacles to adopting remote sensing technologies, including: High costs (67%), Poor infrastructure (50%), and Community resistance (23%). Despite these challenges, 74% of respondents expressed confidence in the viability of remote sensing tools particularly drones and satellite imagery as effective solutions. The study underscores the need for a holistic strategy to combat TPI. This includes deploying advanced surveillance technologies and implementing community-focused education initiatives to build a resilient, environmentally sustainable defense system for pipeline infrastructure.