Design and Fabrication of Solar Water Purifier Using Thermal Methods: A Research on Solar Stills

Water scarcity is a serious issue in many parts of the world, particularly in areas with dry climates and sparse access to clean water sources. In order to tackle this problem creatively, this study combines a solar-powered water purification system with an electric heating element. Due to this integration, the system can function effectively and guarantee a steady supply of clean water even when there is insufficient sunlight, such as at night or during cloudy days. This study includes the design, fabrication, and performance testing of the integrated system in a real-world setting, with a focus on important factors such as solar still productivity and water quality. Results obtained show that the daily water still production rate of 163.82ml/h to 261.18ml/h and 1216.00ml/h to 3328.45ml/h for conventional and modified solar still, respectively, at daily average solar radiation of 4582.2W/m2 and electrical energy of 14,429.2W. Also revealed is that high productivity is correlated with high sun intensity, and the extra stable heat source provided by the heating element goes a long way to lead to stable output in times of varying seasons. Furthermore, the quality of still water produced by the developed Solar still is acceptable according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for portable water. Thus, the developed solar still provides improved water quality production; therefore, the device can be suggested for still water production in Nigeria.