Gravitational Communication: Fundamentals, State-of-the-Art and Future Vision

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of fundamentals and the latest research progress in gravitational communication, with a detailed historical review of gravitational wave generation and detection. Key aspects covered include the evolution of detection sensitivity and generation methods, modulation techniques, and gravitational communication channel. While gravitational wave communication holds promise for overcoming limitations in traditional electromagnetic communication, significant challenges remain, particularly in wave generation and detection. The paper also explores various modulation techniques and examines environmental influences on gravitational wave transmission. A comparative discussion is provided between gravitational and classical communication modalities—including electromagnetic, quantum, particle, acoustic, and optical communications—highlighting the strengths and limitations of each. Furthermore, potential application and future vision for gravitational communication are also envisioned. Finally, Potential research directions to bridge the gap between theoretical and practical applications of gravitational wave communication are investigated.