Effects of Media Efficacy and Learning Presence on International Students’ Academic Literacy Online

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of media efficacy and learning presence on academic literacy among international students in online learning environments. Data were collected from 55 international students enrolled at Korean universities, using a questionnaire survey. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, simple regression analyses, and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. The findings were as follows. First, media efficacy significantly and positively influenced academic literacy. Second, learning presence also had a positive effect, although its explanatory power was relatively limited. Third, the interaction between media efficacy and learning presence had a stronger positive impact on academic literacy. This study empirically confirms the importance of media efficacy and learning presence for enhancing academic literacy among international students in online learning contexts. Based on these findings, practical implications for designing and implementing effective online instructional strategies for international students are discussed.