Derelomus chamaeropis

Derelomus chamaeropis (Fabricius, 1798) Fig. 24 Curculio chamaeropis Fabricius, 1798: 167. Ochrinulus antigae Reitter, 1887: 18. Derelomus subcostatus Boheman, 1844: 92. Syn. nov. Derelomus chamaeropis – Schoenherr 1825 (systematics). — Lepesme 1947 (key). — Veyret 1940 (biology). Derelomus chamaeropis var. Β – Gyllenhal 1836. Derelomus chamaeropsis [misspelling] – Anstett 1999. — Dufaÿ et al. 2002. — Dufaÿ & Anstett 2004 (life history). — Haran et al. 2022a (phylogenetic relationships). Diagnosis This species can be distinguished from others of the D. ephippiger group by the combination of the pronotum almost as wide as the elytra near the middle of the length and the elytra comparatively elongate (W: L ratio: 0.68–0.77), lacking a contrasting dark pattern and with interstriae 9 flat in females, not enlarged in males. This species is closely related and sometimes sympatric with D. piriformis, but in the latter species, males have very convex elytra and a comb of setae on the protibiae (side of elytra only slightly convex and protibiae lacking comb in D. chamaeropis) and the females have a longer and narrower rostrum (Fig. 25B–D). Uncorrected p -distances between these species range from 8.0 to 8.8%. GenBank accession numbers for the corresponding DNA barcodes: OK188812 –13/PV698448–49–51– 54–55–57–60–61–63–68–73/ (not an exhaustive list). Material examined Holotypes MOROCCO • ♀; “ Tanger.; Schousboe. [Peder K. A. Schousboe, Danish diplomat and botanist based in Morocco]; Mus: S: & T.L: [collection Sehestedt & Tonder Lund; former Copenhagen collection of Fabricius types]” “TYPE” “ ZMUC00037405 ” “Holotype ♀; Curculio; chamaeropis; Fabr. 1798; des. J. Haran 2025” “ Derelomus; chamaeropis; (Fabr. 1798); J. Haran 2025”; ZMK. COUNTRY (?) • ♀; “ Barbaria [Northern coast of Africa, from Morocco to Lybia]; Mus: T: Lund. [collection Sehestedt & Tonder Lund; former Copenhagen collection of Fabricius types]” “TYPUS [red label]” “Holotype ♀; Derelomus; chamaeropis; var. β (beta); Gyllenhal 1836 [G. Kuschel’s label]” “ Derelomus; chamaeropis; (Fabr. 1798); Kuschel 2005 [G. Kuschel’s label]” “Naturhistorika; Riksmuseet; Stockholm; NHRS. ITALY • ♂; “Ménétr. [Edouard Ménétries, french entomologist at St. Petersburg Academy of Science]” “Géné.; Sardinia [Carlo Giuseppe Gené, italian entomologist at the Royal Zoological Museum, Turin]” “TYPUS [red label]” “647” “ Derelomus; chamaeropis; Sardinia; Mannerheim. [Carl Gustaf Mannerheim, finish governor and entomologist]” “Holotype ♂; Derelomus; subcostatus; Boheman, 1844; Haran des. 2025” “ Derelomus; chamaeropis; (Fabr. 1789); Haran des. 2025” “Naturhistorika; Riksmuseet; Stockholm”; NHRS. Other material ALGERIA • 2 ♀♀; Souk Tlata, “ Dradek ”; 35°03′43″ N, 2°00′00″ E; collector and date unknown; CBGP • 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Algiers; 36°48′11″ N, 3°00′32″ E; collector and date unknown; NHRS • 1 ♂; Mascara; 35°23′39″ N, 0°09′39″ E; H. Lucas coll.; MNHN • 1 ♂; Oran; 35°41′52.8″ N 0°40′08.4″ W; 1906; C.H. Coquerel coll.; MNHN • 1 ♂; Oran; 35°41′53″ N, 0°40′08″ W; G. Allard coll.; MNHN • 1 ♂; [locality?]; NMB • 1 ♀; [locality?]; NHMUK • 1 ♀; no precise locality; 1905; Sharp coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Misserghin; 5°36′54″ N, 0°44′46″ W; NHMUK. FRANCE • 1 ♂; Banyuls sur Mer; 42°28′23″ N, 3°06′57″ E; 28 Mar. 2013; C. Chauvelier coll.; JHAR07412; CBGP • 1 ♂; Palavas les Flots; 43°31′34″ N, 3°55′54″ E; 15 Apr. 2022; J. Haran coll.; inflorescences of ornemental Chamaerops humilis; JHAR04762; CBGP • 1 ♂; Montpellier, Jardin des plantes; 10 May 1997; 43°36′50″ N, 3°52′20″ E; S. Piry coll.; Chamaerops humilis; SPc.6031; CBGP • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Toulon, jardin d’acclimatation; 43°31′45″ N, 6°56′18″ E; May 1928; De Boissy coll.; male flowers of Chamaerops; MNHN • 6 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Alpes Maritimes, Mandelieu; 43°31′52″ N, 6°56′14″ E; May 1940; on Chamaerops humilis; MNHN • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Var, la Garde; 43°07′38″ N, 6°01′26″ E; 11 May 1929; P. Veyret coll.; PW • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Var, la Garde; 43°07′38″ N, 6°01′26″ E; May 1932; P. Veyret coll.; PW • 1 ♀; Corse, Ile-Rousse; 42°37′56″ N, 8°56′21″ E; 6 Apr. 2016; J. Haran coll.; male inflorescence of C. humilis; JHAR02984; CBGP • 10 specs (preserved in ethanol); Sète; 43°24′29″ N, 3°42′11″ E; 18 May 2024; J. Haran coll.; larvae in rachis of male inflorescence of C. humilis; JHAR07980; CBGP. ITALY • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 8 specs (preserved in ethanol); Sicily, Palermo; 38°11′35″ N, 13°16′38″ E; 2022; M. Hossaert coll.; male inflorescence of C. humilis; JHAR04886; CBGP • 1 ♂; Sicily [no precise locality]; 37°17′46″ N, 14°09′54″ E 1847; L. Benoit coll.; MNHN • 1 ♂; Sicily [no precise locality]; 37°17′46″ N, 14°09′54″ E; Sharp coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 11 specs (preserved in ethanol); Sicily, Borgo Casellazzo; 38°02′46″ N, 12°51′30″ E; 11 Apr. 2024; M. Dufaÿ coll.; male inflorescence of C. humilis; JHAR08306; CBGP • 50 specs (preserved in ethanol); Sicily, Cornino; 38°05′54″ N, 12°39′40″ E; 14– 16 Apr. 2024; M. Dufaÿ coll.; male inflorescence of C. humilis; JHAR08307; CBGP • 1 ♀, 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Pantelleria Island; 36°46′30″ N, 11°57′51″ E; 22 Apr. 2023; T. Auffray coll.; male inflorescence of C. humilis; JHAR05699; CBGP • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Genova, Pegli; 44°25′30″ N, 8°48′36″ E; 15 May [year?]; S. Solari coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Genova, Pegli; 44°25′30″ N, 8°48′36″ E; 5 May 1915; S. Solari coll.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Gallipoli; 40°03′14″ N, 17°59′24″ E; 1905; Sharp coll.; NHMUK • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 10 specs (preserved in ethanol); Bari; 41°07′45″ N, 16°51′58″ E; 27 Apr. 2024; J. Haran coll.; male inflorescence of C. humilis; JHAR07851; CBGP. MOROCCO • 1 ♀; Larache; 35°10′16″ N, 6°10′05″ W; 1885; De La Roche coll.; 265; MNHN • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; South Asni; 31°12′51″ N, 7°58′01″ W; 18 May 2007; J. Pelletier coll.; “friche” [wasteland] Chamaerops; JHAR07413; CBGP • 1 ♀; Haut Atlas, 18 km S of Demnat; 31°35′46″ N, 6°59′52″ W; 1600 m a.s.l.; 21 May 2007; J. Pelletier coll.; JHAR07414; CBGP • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Mgoun, Azizal; 31°27′36″ N, 6°33′00″ W; 21 May 2007; J. Pelletier coll.; JHAR07415; CBGP • 1 ♂; Khénifra, Azrou; 33°25′55″ N, 5°11′29″ W; A. Thery coll.; CBGP • 1 ♂; Korifla [?]; A. Thery coll.; CBGP • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀; Tanger area; 35°47′39″ N, 5°51′21″ W; 1857; Favier coll.; MNHN • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Tangier; 35°47′39″ N, 5°51′21″ W; 1915; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Tangier; 35°47′39″ N, 5°51′21″ W; Sharp coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Tangier; 35°47′39″ N, 5°51′21″ W; Schill coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Tangier; 35°47′39″ N, 5°51′21″ W; J.J. Walker coll.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Khénifra; 32°57′00″ N, 5°40′38″ W; 19 Apr. 2006; J. Pelletier coll.; male inflorescence of C. humilis; JHAR03220; CBGP • 1 ♀; no precise locality; 1905; Sharp coll.; NHMUK • 1 spec. (sex undetermined); S of Berkane, N of Aïn-es-Sfa, Beni Snassen Mts; 34°49′52″ N, 2°08′46″ W; 13 May 2011; P. Stuben coll.; beating Chamaerops humilis; (identification by genetic assignation, GenBank acc. KC783895); ZFMK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ras Foughal [Jbel Foughal]; 34°49′59″ N, 2°12′00″ W; 20 May 1932; Vidal coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Maâmora Forest; 34°08′53″ N, 6°36′07″ W; Theory coll.; NMB. PORTUGAL • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Serra de Espinnaço do cao; 37°16′55″ N, 8°44′00″ W; 8 Jun. 1989; J. Pelletier coll.; 300 m a.s.l.; RB • 1 ♀; Lisboa; 38°41′53″ N, 9°13′23″ W; Flach. coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Madeira; Ribeiro Frio; 32°43′56″ N, 16°53′10″ W; Balachowsky coll.; MNHN. SPAIN • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Cabo de Palos; 37°37′09″ N, 0°42′51″ W; 2 Mar. 2001; J. Pelletier coll.; male inflorescence of C. humilis; JHAR04643; CBGP • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 20 specs (preserved in ethanol); Garraf; 41°15′26″ N, 1°54′29″ E; 20 Apr. 2022; M. Dufaÿ coll.; male inflorescence of C. humilis; JHAR04764; CBGP • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 11 Apr. 1998; S. Piry coll.; Chamaerops humilis; SPc.6535-36/66-67; CBGP • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Barcelona; 41°21′32″ N, 2°09′43″ E; 17 Apr. 2013; M. Dufaÿ coll.; male inflorescence of C. humilis; JHAR04784; CBGP • 1 ♀; Barcelona; 41°21′32″ N, 2°09′43″ E; Odier coll.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂; Valencia; 39°25′09″ N, 0°20′13″ W; 17 Apr. 2022; M. Dufaÿ coll.; male inflorescence of C. humilis; JHAR04786; CBGP • 2 ♀♀; Andalusia, Motril; 36°44′24″ N, 3°31′45″ W; 11 Apr. 1971; J. Péricart coll.; RB • 1 spec. (sex undetermined); Malaga, NW of Otivar, Sierra del Chapparal; 36°49′30″ N, 3°42′29″ W; 8 May 2013; P. Stüben and A. Schütte coll.; Quercus ilex L. sieving; ZFMK (identification by genetic assignation, GenBank acc. MK891322) • 1 ♂; Mallorca Island, Alcúdia; 39°51′07″ N, 3°07′38″ E; 13 Apr. 1964; W. Leibmann coll.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 4 May 2000; R. Rober coll.; NHMUK. UNITED KINGDOM • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Gibraltar; 36°07′55″ N, 5°21′03″ W; NHMUK • 13 ♂♂, 23 ♀♀; Gibraltar; 36°07′55″ N, 5°21′03″ W; J.J. Walker coll.; NHMUK. Redescription (♂) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2.5–3.7 mm. COLOR. Body integument pale brown, scutellar shield, pronotum and head including rostrum generally darker, in some individuals interstriae 1, sometimes 2 darker as well; elytra and pronotum with minute recumbent whitish setae, glabrous in appearance. HEAD. Rostrum slightly longer than pronotum in lateral view (1.1–1.15×), regularly downcurved; in dorsal view 4 to 5.5× as long as wide, integument densely punctate, forming 5 longitudinal carinae; antennae inserted near apical ¼ of length in lateral view; head capsule densely and coarsely punctate in dorsal view, forehead flat or slightly concave; eyes convex, exceeding lateral curve of head capsule in dorsal view; antennal funicle with first segment 2–2.2 × as long as wide, slightly longer than segments 2–3 together, 2 longer than wide, 3–7 transverse. PRONOTUM. Wider than long (W: L ratio: 1.34–1.45), widest at basal ⅓ of length, 0.95–1 × as wide there as elytra at humeral angles, sides slightly convex, converging regularly from basal ⅓ to apex, lateral carina forming notch near middle of length; apical constriction distinct, about as deep as width of scape in middle of length; integument with punctures rounded, space between punctures dull, micropunctate, wider or narrower than diameter of punctures in mi