Research on early warning methods for voltage anomalies in on-board power batteries of rail transit systems

To address the challenges associated with early warning of voltage anomalies in the traction battery systems of new-energy locomotives, a multi-parameter fusion-based approach is proposed to assess voltage consistency. By systematically analyzing the voltage characteristics of battery packs, we established an evaluation framework that incorporates key metrics—mean voltage, voltage range, root mean square deviation of voltage, coefficient of voltage variation, and extreme voltage changes—and developed a voltage consistency evaluation coefficient model. The model enables quantitative evaluation of voltage consistency at three hierarchical levels: battery system, battery branch, and battery pack. Cross-comparison of the coefficients across different battery cells allows rapid localization of anomalous cells. The proposed method for early warning of voltage anomalies provides strong assurance for the safe and stable operation of new-energy locomotives, offering significant theoretical value and practical engineering guidance.