An Optimized Cross-Layer Approach for Energy-Efficient and Attack-Resistant Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used for different applications, but they lack enough energy and are vulnerable to attacks. The research offers a way to make crosslayer optimization between physical, MAC and network layers and then boost the protection of multiple transmission hops. Its main strengths are flexible sleep timings, the even spreading of calls and a basic model for trust-based security. According to the simulations, the protocol offers a 25% expansion in the life of the network, superior delivery of packets during attacks, less energy consumed and less delay from one end to another when compared with regular protocols. Trust in the network allows it to identify and exclude malicious nodes without causing extra issues. This protocol is the best choice for saving energy, enhancing security and delivering high performance in mobile WSNs.