06. ABROGATION OF ARTICLE 370 AND ITS IMPACRT ON INHAHABITANTS OF KASHMIR

The northern region of India is home to Jammu & Kashmir. After India and Pakistan split up in 1947, the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir became a point of contention between them. UT of Ladakh borders Jammu and Kashmir to the east, the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south, Pakistan to the southwest, and Pakistan administrated Kashmir (PAK) to the southwest. Jammu and Kashmir was once one of the biggest princely states of India. The population of J&K is 12,367,013 and the size is 101,387 square kilometres. India’s battles with the Jammu and Kashmiri community and Pakistan’s struggle for territorial control are central to the complex and protracted conflict over Kashmir. This long-lasting conflict includes political, social, economic, and cultural dimensions and affects millions of individuals in complicated ways. The area under union rule Up until August 5, 2019, Jammu and Kashmir was a state of India. Jammu and Kashmir was designated as Indian union territory on August 5, 2019. The Supreme Court of India removed Article 370 and 35A in Jammu and Kashmir, granting the local population unique status. Curfews and strikes are implemented in the UT as a result of public outcry at the court’s decision to revoke article 370 in J&K. In Jammu & Kashmir, all internet and communication services were unavailable. The prolonged closure of businesses and educational institutions has a negative influence on Jammu and Kashmir’s economy. The Indian Constitution grants the state of Jammu and Kashmir temporary special autonomy under a clause known as Article 370. When Jammu and Kashmir was incorporated to the Constitution in 1949, it granted the region a unique status inside the Indian Union. The history of Article 370 began with the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir’s 1947 accession to India. After Maharaja Hari Singh, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, signed the Instrument of Accession in October 1947, the region became a part of India. This enabled the Indian government to assist tribal groups backed by Pakistan in their efforts to stave off an invasion. The Instrument of Accession stated that the state will continue to be autonomous in all domains except foreign policy, finance, communications, and defence. Jammu and Kashmir was granted special safeguards under Article 370 of the 1949 amendment to the Indian Constitution. The state was allowed to enact its own constitution and was granted a tremendous measure of autonomy. When Jammu and Kashmir accepted its own constitution in 1957, it solidified its distinct character. The state possessed authority over several matters, exclusive rights over land and property, and its own flag. It might also indicate someone was a long-term inhabitant. Over the years, a number of presidential decrees have been issued to bring Jammu & Kashmir under the jurisdiction of Indian law. However, the state continued to have its own identity and its people were governed by separate laws. Over time, despite its unique status, Article 370 underwent alterations and revisions. Jammu and Kashmir's autonomy was steadily diminished, and the state’s relationship with the Indian Union becomes less clear-cut. The Indian government, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, removed Jammu & Kashmir's special status and annulled Article 370 on August 5, 2019. Jammu & Kashmir is well-known for its travel spots. It has tourist attractions for both the summer and the winter.