Optimization Dispatch of a Biomass Integrated Energy System Considering Reward-Penalty Continuous Carbon Trading and Diversified Hydrogen Energy Applications

[Objective] To enhance the energy utilization efficiency and flexibility of biomass integrated energy systems（IES）， promote the accommodation of high-penetration renewable energy， achieve efficient hydrogen utilization， and reduce system operating costs and carbon emissions， this paper proposes an optimized operation strategy for biomass IES that incorporates reward-penalty continuous carbon trading and diversified hydrogen energy applications. [Methods] First， a comprehensive energy system is modeled by incorporating a biomass organic Rankine cycle combined with heat and power （ORC-CHP） units， wind turbines， photovoltaic units， a diversified hydrogen utilization module， and various energy storage devices. The hydrogen utilization module holistically integrates hydrogen applications including electrolyzers （EL）， methane reactors （MR）， methanol synthesis reactors （MSR）， and hydrogen fuel cell （HFC） devices with adjustable heat-to-power ratios. Second， a reward-penalty continuous carbon trading mechanism based on non-uniform emission intervals is established. Finally， an optimal scheduling model is constructed with the objective of minimizing the total operating costs of the system， including energy procurement costs， carbon trading expenses， wind and solar curtailment penalties， and methanol sales revenue， and is solved using the commercial solver CPLEX. [Results] The simulation analysis demonstrates that compared to traditional biomass CHP units， the proposed strategy can reduce system carbon emissions by 28.35% and lower total operating costs by 16.20%. Furthermore， it reduces the system carbon emissions by 271.6 kg relative to the stepped carbon trading mechanism， confirming that the proposed strategy enhances both the low-carbon performance and economic efficiency of the IES. [Conclusions] The adoption of biomass ORC-CHP technology can significantly reduce system operational costs and carbon emissions. Diversified hydrogen energy applications enhance the local utilization rate of renewable energy while improving the stability and economic performance of IES， combining low-carbon benefits with commercial revenue. The continuous incentive-penalty carbon trading mechanism with non-uniform emission intervals effectively avoids boundary arbitrage issues inherent in stepped mechanisms， offering more flexible guidance for emission reduction behaviors， thereby enhancing the system's low-carbon performance and economic efficiency.