Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Gene Polymorphism in diabetic patients with Respiratory Failure Undergoing Intensive Care Treatment

Introduction: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increase in diabetes mellitus due to excessive glucose oxidation. The inflammatory response in cells triggers the activation of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, interleukin (IL)-6, and interleukin (IL)-18. Variations in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene can influence both the susceptibility to and severity of the disease. This research examines the correlation between TNF-α gene polymorphisms and the development of respiratory distress in patients with diabetes who are undergoing treatment in an intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 participants were involved in the study, comprising 50 individuals diagnosed with diabetes and an additional 50 non-diabetic individuals who served as a control group. The nested T-ARMS PCR assay was employed to determine the genotypes associated with the TNF-α T>C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Randomly selected samples underwent sequencing to validate the PCR findings, which revealed distinct genotypes for the TNF-α SNPs. Patient data were collected, and laboratory variables were assessed. The information was subsequently entered into SPSS Version 26. Results: The presence of the heterozygous C/T genotype emerged as a notable risk factor, exhibiting an odds ratio (OR) of 5.87 (65% CI, 1.12 - 27.8) with a p-value of 0.03. In contrast, the homozygous TT genotype did not demonstrate statistical significance, presenting an OR of 1.87 (95% CI, 0.59 - 7.33) and a p-value of 0.25. These findings are derived from the genotyping of the TNF-α (rs1799964) C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a cohort comprising patients experiencing respiratory distress and a control group. Conclusion: The association between the emergence of respiratory diseases and the TNF-α (rs1799964) T/C polymorphism has been established. This specific genetic variant may represent a potential risk factor for the development of respiratory distress and could also function as a prognostic indicator for patients with diabetes who are undergoing treatment in intensive care units.