Entre rochas e águas

Objective – To analyze the main environmental impacts on Paulo Afonso Island (BA), relating them to urban land use and occupation, the dynamics of the São Francisco River, and recent interventions in public spaces, aiming to propose guidelines for the recovery of degraded areas. Methodology – Qualitative and exploratory research, based on direct on-site observation, photographic records, and field notes, complemented by a bibliographic and documentary review of scientific articles, institutional reports, and official data. The analysis was organized into thematic categories: urban occupation, waste disposal, riparian vegetation degradation, tourism pressure, and water quality. Originality and relevance – The study addresses a gap by focusing specifically on Paulo Afonso Island, an urban core located in a unique fluvial environment of historical, environmental, and cultural relevance, contributing to the national debate on sustainable management of urban ecosystems. Results – Significant suppression of riparian vegetation, siltation and erosion of riverbanks, irregular disposal of solid waste, deficiencies in basic sanitation, and pressures from tourism and events were identified. More than 65% of the population lacks access to sewage systems, and riverbank areas show up to 57% exposed soil, increasing environmental vulnerability. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – Reinforces the importance of integrated approaches to urban river management and presents an observation and categorization protocol for environmental impacts applicable to other contexts. Social and environmental contributions – Proposes guidelines for ecological restoration, strengthening public policies, and environmental education actions, aiming to reduce water pollution, preserve biodiversity, and improve the quality of life of riverside communities.