A Dynamic Clustering Protocol Based on the Improved LEACH Protocol

In the WSN, the purpose of the Routing Protocol is to connect the Sensor Node, Relay Node, and Base Station. If certain nodes die prematurely, it may lead to missing information in some areas, thereby affecting the global deployment and control by the Base Station. Therefore, reducing Energy Consumption and extending the Network Lifetime are key aspects of the Routing Protocol in WSN. This paper proposes a LEACH-DC protocol based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocol. By introducing a Distance Factor to influence the size of the Cluster, non-uniform dynamic Cluster division is achieved, allowing Cluster heads to be evenly distributed across the node area, thereby reducing energy transmission loss within the Cluster. By adding deputy Cluster heads to perform Multi-hop Transmission with the Base Station, the inter-Cluster transmission path is optimized, balancing the data load among Cluster members and the Energy Consumption during data transmission to the Base Station. The Base Station continuously monitors the remaining energy of the network, and when the residual energy falls below a threshold, it initiates a global Cluster re-division to search for a more optimal network topology. Simulation Experiment results show that the proposed LEACH-DC protocol effectively reduces network energy consumption and extends the network lifetime.