Improved Control Strategy for Virtual Synchronous Generators in Solar PV-Energy Storage Systems using Particle Swarm Optimization

Increase in renewable energy reduces system inertia, affecting grid stability and requiring advanced strategies for reliable operation. Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) technology has become popular in as a solution by emulating the dynamic characteristics of traditional synchronous generators, generating virtual inertia and damping to support frequency stability. This paper proposes an optimized VSG control strategy utilizing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to tune key system parameters, including the virtual inertia constant (J), damping factor (D), and controller gains. A detailed system model incorporating a solar PV and energy storage system is developed, and an improved double voltage-current loop control strategy is used to enhance power regulation. The proposed approach is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations, showing improved dynamic responses compared to conventional VSG control technique. The results confirm the effectiveness of the system.