Advanced Sub-6 GHz 5G Communication Ring Patch Antennas with H-Slot Defected Ground Structure

This paper presents a ring patch antenna with an H-slot defected ground structure (DGS). The slots created on the radiating element and the defect introduced on the ground plane shift the resonance frequency from 2.46 GHz to 1.18 GHz, resulting in a 52 % reduction in size at 1.18 GHz. The proposed antenna is designed on an FR-4 substrate (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\varepsilon r=4.4$</tex>) with a thickness of 1.6 mm. Simulations are performed using HFSS version 17.0. The simulated reflection coefficients of the Ring Patch Antenna (RPA) at 2.46 GHz, the Slotted Ring Patch Antenna (SRPA) at 2.34 GHz, and the Slotted Ring Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure (SRPA-GDS) at 1.17 GHz are -16.701 dB,-23.747 dB, and -21.03 dB, respectively. To validate the simulated design, the SRPA-GDS is fabricated and its reflection coefficient and VSWR are measured using a Vector Network Analyzer (Anritsu S820E). The measured and simulated values match closely, confirming the accuracy of the simulation. Consequently, the proposed antenna is suitable for use in Sub-6 GHz 5G communication applications. This research explores the advancement of Sub-6 GHz 5G connectivity through the integration of a ring patch antenna with an H-slot defected ground structure (DGS). The incorporation of the H-slot DGS aims to optimize critical antenna parameters such as radiation characteristics and impedance matching, which are vital for robust Sub-6 GHz 5G communication. Through detailed analysis and simulation, the effectiveness of this approach is evaluated, Showing significant improvements in antenna performance. This Study highlights the potential of ring patch antennas with H-slot DGS to advance Sub-6 GHz 5G connectivity, enabling efficient and reliable wireless communication in various deployment scenarios.