Plants in Traditional Treatment for Nasal Congestion: Insights from Ethnobotany and Pharmacology

Plant-based remedies for nasal congestion have a long history in traditional medicine systems worldwide. Ethnopharmacological knowledge highlights plants for their therapeutic potential, particularly in respiratory health. The plants, often recognized for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and decongestant properties, provide a natural, accessible alternative to synthetic treatments for respiratory ailments. The aim of the study was to investigate the ethnopharmacological uses and pharmacological efficacy of traditionally used plant-based remedies for nasal congestion, identify significant bioactive compounds, and assess their therapeutic potential for integration into modern respiratory care. This study systematically reviewed literature from ethnobotanical databases and scientific journals, focusing on plants traditionally used for respiratory conditions. Key sources included the VOLKSMED database, PubMed, and Scopus. The primary bioactive compounds (eucalyptol, menthol, gingerol, thymol, and allicin) were identified, and their pharmacological properties were assessed through pharmacological and clinical studies. Each plant demonstrated specific pharmacological activities relevant to respiratory health. Eucalyptol, menthol, and gingerol exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and mucolytic effects, supporting nasal and bronchial decongestion. Thymol and allicin displayed strong antimicrobial properties, targeting bacterial strains associated with sinus infections. These findings validate traditional uses of these plants in treating nasal congestion and highlight their efficacy as complementary therapies. This study supports the ethnopharmacological relevance of traditional plant-based remedies for nasal congestion and provides pharmacological evidence supporting their continued use. The integration of these plant-based treatments into modern healthcare systems could offer accessible and effective options for managing respiratory conditions. However, further clinical research and standardization are recommended to optimize their use in evidence-based practice.