Research and Implementation of Tunnel Flooding Early Warning System based on FMCW Millimeter-wave Radar and STM32

This study presents an intelligent tunnel flooding early warning system (TF-EWS) integrating Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) millimeter-wave radar and STM32 microcontrollers. The system combines high-precision radar sensing, real-time data processing, and IoT-enabled remote monitoring to address the limitations of traditional water level detection methods. Through hardware-software co-design, the proposed architecture achieves ±1 cm measurement accuracy, sub-2-second response latency, and multi-modal alert mechanisms. Experimental validation confirms its robustness in complex tunnel environments, offering a scalable solution for urban infrastructure safety.