Development of an Adaptive Control System for the Cutting Process Based on the Measurement of Thermoelectromotive Force on CNC Lathes

The article presents an adaptive control system for the cutting process based on the measurement of thermoelectromotive force on computer numerical control lathes. The informative characteristic of the term electromotive force is described, and the factors influencing its value are identified. The advantages of using the term electromotive force are outlined. Key factors affecting the system and the mathematical model of the adaptive control system for computer numerical control lathes are defined. Elements of the mathematical model of the adaptive control system are presented. A method for determining optimal cutting parameters based on the functional relationship between the term electromotive force and cutting speed is described. A research test stand has been developed to study the dependencies between “the term electromotive force – cutting speed” using an adaptive control system. An algorithm and software-mathematical support for the research test stand have been designed. We present a schematic diagram, description, and operating principle of the experimental setup for determining the term electromotive force using the natural thermocouple method. The results of experimental studies are provided. Curves illustrating the dependencies of “the term electromotive force vs. cutting speed,” “flank wear vs. cutting speed,” and “tool life vs. cutting speed” under various machining conditions are constructed, and the maximum cutting speeds are determined. The developed method allows for the selection of optimal cutting modes, ensuring high efficiency of the cutting process on computer numerical control lathes.