Smart Water Quality Monitoring System using Optical Sensor

Access to clean water is essential for public health and environmental sustainability, yet many regions lack regular water quality monitoring. This paper presents a smart, low-power, real-time water quality monitoring system utilizing an optical sensor to measure water clarity. The system operates based on the principles of light transmission, scattering, and absorption, where a light source (LED or laser) passes through a water sample and interacts with suspended particles, causing light scattering. The degree of scattering correlates with the concentration and size of these particles, enabling accurate measurement of turbidity and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). By employing a compact and scalable design, the system can be deployed in remote or underserved areas. Its innovative dual-parameter sensing capability offers a comprehensive assessment of water quality using a single, integrated solution. This facilitates early detection of contamination and supports improved water resource management and safety.