GREEN FISCAL POLICY: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND NATIONAL APPROACHES IN ENSURING ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

The pursuit of economic growth often conflicts with ecological sustainability, making the development of green fiscal policy (GFP) a pressing global challenge. This article aims to analyze international experiences and national approaches to GFP as a tool for harmonizing growth with environmental protection. The methodology is based on comparative analysis of fiscal instruments—environmental taxes, subsidies, and green public spending—applied in the European Union, China, and Scandinavian countries, with reference to their adaptability in emerging economies. The main results reveal that GFP promotes resource efficiency, reduces carbon emissions, and stimulates investment in renewable energy and innovation, while also contributing to long-term macroeconomic stability. Conclusions highlight that for countries like Uzbekistan, adopting tailored GFP mechanisms informed by global best practices can ensure sustainable growth and ecological resilience.