Development of efficient bentonite-based catalysts for the synthesis of pyridine derivatives

This study presents the development and investigation of novel heterogeneous catalysts based on bentonite as a support and active components for the catalytic synthesis of pyridine derivatives-specifically, α- and γ-picolines. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were examined using IR spectroscopy, adsorption isotherms, and X-ray diffraction analysis. A correlation was established between surface structure, acid-base properties, and catalytic activity of the compositions. It was demonstrated that the use of modified bentonite as a support enhances the selectivity and stability of the catalyst during the thermocatalytic synthesis of pyridine derivatives. The obtained results confirm the potential of bentonite as an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly base for the development of pyridine-type catalysts.