Properties of Calcined Clay-Limestone Cement Concrete

Incorporating calcined clay (C) and limestone powder (L) into concrete effectively reduces carbon emissions. However, its application is mainly limited by commercial material variability, availability, and specifications. This study presents the properties of concrete made with Type IL cement, 30% C, and/or 15% L from commercially available sources across various U.S. regions. Results indicate that C extended setting time and reduced early-age strength and surface resistivity (SR) but enhanced both at later ages, while further addition of L lowered strength due to dilution effect, as expected. Overall, concrete properties are sufficient for implementation in construction.