Development of a TDS Measurement System Based on Frequency Impedance Spectroscopy for Water Composition Analysis Integrated with a Well Water Level Meter

This paper presents a multi-functional system integrating Total Dissolved Solids measurement through frequency impedance spectroscopy, direct distance measurement using simultaneous radio and sound wave propagation, and extended functionality with temperature and pH sensors. These additional sensors enhance the accuracy of water quality assessments by compensating for temperaturedependent variations in conductivity and monitoring pH, a critical indicator of acidity or alkalinity. Validation experiments demonstrate the system's efficiency, scalability, and potential for real-time environmental monitoring. This Total Dissolved Solids measurement method provides a comprehensive analysis of water composition by examining the electrical impedance across a wide frequency range. The developed system leverages low-power IoT technology for real-time data acquisition, emphasizing scalability and energy efficiency for remote deployment. Validation against laboratory benchmarks confirms its accuracy and practicality in environmental and industrial applications. The well water level is measured using an ultrasonic sensor, ensuring comprehensive water monitoring. The proposed system is energy-efficient, operating on battery power with optional solar charging for long-term deployment. This approach enhances groundwater assessment by providing reliable, real-time data for water resource management. This paper details the mathematical modeling, hardware architecture, and experimental results, which collectively advance the field of water quality analysis.