Integrated Investigation of Flood and Drought and Its Legal Solutions According to Legislative Challenges

Natural disasters are phenomena that are widespread and affect all sectors of human societies. Since human societies operate within the framework of laws, the control and management of natural disasters fall under the responsibility of government officials and authorities. The two hydrological phenomena of flooding and drought are among the most significant natural disasters in recent years in Iran. Numerous studies have been conducted on flooding and drought, indicating that these two phenomena impact three areas: social, economic, and environmental. The aim of this research is to examine the legislative challenges for the integrated management of these two phenomena and to provide legal solutions in this regard. Many laws have been enacted to address and manage the flooding and drought phenomena, which have offered a sectoral and unique perspective on flooding or drought. Ultimately, this research has shown that the laws established concerning drought crises only address the compensation for damages caused by them, while remaining silent on scientific and practical solutions for preventing or mitigating the consequences of drought. Additionally, considering the interaction between the consequences of flooding and drought, reviewing and amending the existing laws related to flooding should be prioritized by the government.