Modeling the Performance of Mid-Scale Solar Power Plants: Practical Approaches to Design and Deployment

Mid-scale solar power plants have been observed as one of the convenient and expandable alternatives to the sustainable production of electricity as global energy systems move towards decarbonization. However, their performance is greatly different as a result of technical design, environmental conditions, and financial parameters. The aim of this work is to formulate a driven econometric model that can determine and forecast the energy production of mid-scale photovoltaic systems through a multidimensional structure. The model is based on data in the United States over 2022-2024, which is a combination of solar irradiance, temperature levels, panel area, inverter efficiency, plant age, dust losses, grid availability, and economic indicators, including financing and installation costs. Through multiple linear regression, the analysis indicates a consistent growth of the annual energy generation-16.5 million kWh in 2022, 18.1 million kWh in 2024, as it correlates moderately with incremental irradiance (5.2 to 5.4 kWh/m2/day), panel area (10,000 to 10,400 m2), and inverter efficiency (96 to 97 percent).