Real-Time Hierarchical Optimization Strategy for Distributed Frequency Control and Congestion Management

The increasing usage of converter interfaced equipment leads to both significant growtho f controllable generation and consumption as well as to unpredictability of power flows directions a nd volumes. A dditionally, lowered system inertia leads to volatile dynamics after any disturbance. In this paper a novel distributed control algorithm for frequency control and congestion management is developed. It can operate within infeasible scenarios in power systems: in cases, when frequency control and congestion management cannot be performed simultaneously it recognizes presence of infeasibility and prioritizes one of the control goals and utilizes penalty function for the other one. The primal-dual nature of the control algorithms provides fast response to any kind of disturbance and distributed operation limits amount of necessary communications within the system. The developed control algorithm effectiveness is demonstrated in Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) for IEEE 9 bus system for scenario consisting of multiple step changes in load consumption and three phase line to ground fault.