Design of a Circular Loop Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Application Using Genetic Optimization Algorithm

This paper presents the design of a circular loop antenna intended for millimeter-wave applications within the frequency range of 26 GHz to 30 GHz. The objective is to enhance the antenna's bandwidth, which is achieved through the use of a genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm employs tournament selection to identify the most suitable parents from the population. Additionally, a multi-objective function is formulated to optimize both the bandwidth and gain of the proposed antenna. The antenna design utilizes Rogers-4003 dielectric material, characterized by a dielectric constant (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\varepsilon_{r}$</tex>) of 3.55 and a loss tangent (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\delta$</tex>) of 0.0027. After successfully optimizing the proposed antenna, its performance is evaluated by analyzing the return loss and gain characteristics. Finally, after meeting the predefined objectives, an analysis of the radiation characteristics is conducted to gain insights into the antenna's radiation properties in the E-plane and H-plane.