The Semantcis of "Laughter" and "Smile" in some Persian Prose Texts

Purpose: The human reaction to the environment and situation is not solely based on language and its signs. Body movements, gazes, crying, laughing, and smiling can also assist us in communication and expressing inner concepts. Among these, laughter holds a special place; on one hand, emotions and feelings have paved the way for the creation of numerous meanings in literary texts, and literature reflects many human states. Laughter is one of the most apparent of these emotions, capable of representing various concepts and meanings just like literary speech.Method and Research: Since the context of speech and conversation has a close relationship with the type of meaning and the reason for laughter, this study aims to explore the semantics of laughter for the first time based on some of the most important prose texts in Persian literature, such as "Qabusnameh," "Kalileh and Demneh," "Golestan," and others, where laughter manifests as a behavior among human and allegorical characters.Findings and Conclusions: According to the authors' findings, what cannot be expressed verbally can often be easily conveyed through laughter; thus, by analyzing someone's laughter, their unspoken words can be understood. Mockery, sarcasm, criticism and objection, welcome, creating connections, displaying joy and sorrow, nurturing feelings of revenge and encouragement, warnings, self-promotion, and many other meanings can be expressed through laughter. On the other hand, contrary to common belief, laughter is not necessarily a means of expressing freedom and liberation from the constraints of the inner and outer world; it can sometimes even be used to conceal inner desires, emotions, and feelings, as well as to avoid conflict and confrontation. This self-censorship becomes evident when a person perceives themselves to be in danger, as seriousness may have negative consequences for them