Geo-economic strategies to deal with the smuggling of goods and currency in Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces (case study: border bazaars)

The research examines the strategic effects of border markets on changes in goods and currency smuggling in the study area, focusing on Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces. Goods smuggling, a key border crime, negatively impacts the national economy and garners attention from experts across economic, social, and political fields. This research is applied in terms of purpose. A part of the information of this research was collected through the method of documentary studies and using the fishing tool. Using this method and tools, statistics and information related to quantitative and qualitative change indices of the research variables were extracted.The findings of the research show that these border bazaars have a local functional sphere of influence, and with their small amount of export and import, they are only effective in improving the livelihood of local people up to an average radius of 50 km, and therefore able to play the role of reducing the smuggling of currency. The border bazaars have moved away from their original role, which was to create employment and ensure the livelihood of the people in the surrounding areas, and by being caught in the hands of non-native capitalists, they are looking for a higher but unattainable goal, which is to gain a share.They have become confused about international trade . These bazaars are able to play a role in reducing the smuggling of goods and currency at the regional level due to their small and local functional area and their small amount of export.