LITERATURE STUDIES: THE MOST SUITABLE LEARNING MODEL FOR MATHEMATICS SUBJECTS

This study is a literature review that examines various mathematics learning models that have been widely applied in recent years, including Cooperative Learning (STAD, Jigsaw, TPS), Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), Discovery Learning, and Blended Learning/E-learning. The purpose of this review is to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each model, evaluate their effectiveness in different educational contexts, and identify the most suitable model for improving mathematics learning outcomes. The findings show that each model has specific advantages: cooperative learning strengthens collaboration and communication, PBL enhances problem-solving and critical thinking, RME connects mathematics with real-life contexts, and discovery learning fosters independence and conceptual understanding. However, among all, the blended learning model using Moodle stands out as the most effective in the digital era, as it integrates face-to-face and online learning, provides flexible access, encourages independent learning, and improves student motivation and understanding. Thus, blended learning can be considered a comprehensive solution to address challenges in mathematics education today.