Dental caries patterns in patients treated by dental students: insights from the faculty of dentistry, Benghazi University

Background: Dental caries remain a prevalent global health concern influenced by multiple biological and behavioral factors. This study aimed to assess caries patterns, prevalence, and restorative treatments among adult patients treated by dental students at the University of Benghazi. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1,112 patient records from the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics (2024–2025) was conducted. Data included patient demographics, caries classification (based on Black’s system), affected teeth, and type of restoration used. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v20, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Females accounted for 63.4% of cases, with the highest caries prevalence in the 21–30 age group. Mandibular first and second molars were the most frequently affected teeth. Class I caries (pit and fissure) was the most common type (83.5%), predominantly occurring in younger patients, while proximal caries (Class II and III) showed a lower prevalence. Root caries was rare (0.2%) and found exclusively in older males. Composite resin was the predominant restorative material used (85%), with no amalgam recorded. Gender was significantly associated with caries distribution and classification, but not with the choice of restoration type. Age showed significant variation in caries site and type, but did not influence material selection. Conclusions: The study revealed females and young adults (21-30 years) had the highest caries prevalence, particularly in mandibular molars with dominant Class I occlusal caries. Biological and behavioral factors interacted to shape caries patterns, while practice showed complete transition to composite resin restorations aligned with global standards, maintained through standardized treatment protocols.