THE ISSUE OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR CORRUPTION CRIMES IN THE CONTEXT OF LEGAL MODERNIZATION

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of criminal liability for corruption offenses in the context of modern international standards and the search for ways to improve the efficiency of anti-corruption processes. The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors shaping criminal liability for corruption in the context of the international legal framework. The study is based on a systematic approach which combines the doctrinal analysis of international agreements and European directives with the comparative method to compare anti-corruption mechanisms of different jurisdictions. It is found that the modern international anticorruption system is formed on the basis of a comprehensive combination of universal and specialized legal instruments. The author establishes that European law creates an extensive system of legal instruments which combines criminal law harmonization with mechanisms for coordinating cross-border anti-corruption measures. It is substantiated that the achievement of the European system is the legislative consolidation of liability of legal entities, comprehensive criminalization of various forms of corruption and the definition of minimum sanctions for the unification of judicial practice. The results of this work can be used to improve national criminal legislation on corruption offenses and to implement international standards in the domestic legal system. The proposed approaches will help to increase the effectiveness of anti-corruption institutions and ensure the inevitability of criminal liability for corruption offenses. A comprehensive analysis of the determinants of criminal liability for corruption offenses is carried out through the prism of integration of universal international standards and European legal principles. The author develops a conceptual understanding of criminal justice in the field of combating corruption as a political and economic necessity that affects international trust and regional security.