Development of a UWB Antenna for Osteosarcoma Detection Using Non-Invasive Microwave Imaging Method

A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is proposed in this study to detect bone cancer through a non-invasive microwave imaging approach. Since this approach utilizes non-ionizing radiation, there is no chance of hazardous radiation exposure, making it safe and secure. With dimensions of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$12 \times 12 \times 1.6 \text{mm}^{3}$</tex>, the proposed UWB antenna design consists of a ground plane and a modified Vivaldi-shaped patch. The antenna has a peak gain of 3.59 dBi at 13 GHz and operates in the frequency range of 5.38 GHz to 15 GHz, based on a reflection coefficient of -10 dB. A Hugo model is imported into the CST MWS to replicate a realistic situation of a human body part to assess the effectiveness of the proposed UWB antenna. Skin, fat, muscle, and bone are the four tissue types included in this Hugo model. Bistatic modeling is carried out while the tumor tissue is entrenched in the bone region. Furthermore, the time-domain characteristics show that the antenna could be a suitable option for bone cancer microwave imaging. Further, the Delay and Sum (DAS) technique is used to determine the tumor location.