ECG-Based Biometric Identification: An Overview of Professional Equipment and Smartwatch Data

The potential of using electrocardiogram signals for biometric identification is investigated in this study, which compares smartwatches and professional electrocardiogram equipment. Because they are hard to falsify and provide accurate biometric information based on the electrical activity of the heart, electrocardiograms provide a distinct advantage in identification. The study assesses electrocardiogram characteristics that are essential for precise biometric identification, including P-wave duration, QRS duration, QT interval, RR interval, and T-wave amplitude. The differences in signal quality, amplitude characteristics, and the number of detectable parameters are highlighted by data obtained from five healthy volunteers using an Apple Watch Series 6 and from 28 athletes using professional electrocardiogram equipment. Smartwatches only record a small number of the parameters necessary for accurate identification, whereas professional equipment records a wide range of parameters. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare the electrocardiogram parameters recorded by smartwatches and professional equipment to create a wearable biometric identification system based on electrocardiogram.