Forest fire detection: Advanced technologies for protect global ecosystems

Forests maintain the global ecosystems for millions of years. The increasing frequency of forest fires caused by climate change and human activities. It poses severe threats to biodiversity, human life, and economic stability. Modern technologies offer promising solutions for forest fire detection and management. Satellite systems, such as MODIS, VIIRS, and GOES, provide real-time monitoring by detecting thermal anomalies and tracking fire progression. Integrated systems enhance firefighting resource allocation using dynamic indices. Artificial intelligence (AI), Deep Learning (DL) and the Internet of Things (IoT) bring further precision to forest fire detection through advanced algorithms and analyzing satellite and ground-based data. UAVs (drones) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) contribute localized and high-resolution data. A multi-technology approach combining these innovations has proven effective in Europe’ EFFIS and Brazil’s INPE. Continued advancements in satellite resolution, AI optimization, and sensor scalability hold the potential to further mitigate wildfire impacts.