Rapidly domesticated Polyploid Rice demonstrates superior biomass and multistress resistance

De novo domestication of hitherto undomesticated elite wild species has shown great potential in breaking the genetic bottleneck of existing cultivars. However, it has posed substantial challenges of insufficient knowledge in wild species, uncertainty in improving traits to cultivar level, and a lack of valuable demonstration. Here, upon proof-of-concept Polyploid Rice 1 (PPR1), we proposed a stepwise operational roadmap to generate de novo domesticated PPR2 (ddPPR2). Following this roadmap, we screened out PPR2 from the germplasms to address the critical heading uniformity issue that lacks basic knowledge. We established its reference genome and editing system. By multiplex editing of eight seed-shattering genes, we obtained ddPPR2 lines showing cultivar-level non-shattering trait. Compared with high-tolerant rice cultivars, ddPPR2 exhibited significantly stronger multi-stress resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. In field tests, ddPPR2 achieved yields of pre-Green Revolution level. These results reported a concrete progress in de novo domesticating wild allotetraploid rice for sustainable agriculture.